The AITeM Observatory on Sustainability is dedicated to the study and promotion of industrial and technological practices aimed at the responsible use of resources, the optimization of production processes, and the integration of environmental, economic, and social dimensions throughout the entire product life cycle. In line with the mission of the Italian Association of Manufacturing Technologies (AITeM), the Observatory fosters collaboration between academia, research centers, and industry, generating applicable knowledge and contributing to the definition of sustainable development strategies consistent with the paradigm of Industry 5.0. The work of the Observatory follows a systemic vision, which considers the complete life cycle of products: from raw material supply to production, from distribution and use to collection, reuse, repair, de- and re-manufacturing, and recycling, promoting closed-loop solutions in line with circular economy principles. At the same time, preventive strategies such as re-design and resource reduction are encouraged to minimize impacts along the entire value chain. The activities of the Observatory are structured across multiple levels of analysis, from the factory system down to individual components, with particular attention to energy efficiency and resource use. Life cycle assessment tools (Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Costing, Social Life Cycle Assessment) provide the methodological basis for estimating overall impacts and supporting informed decisions in the design, production, and management of processes. Through periodic reports, discussions, and summary documents, the Observatory aims to encourage the sharing of data, methodologies, and best practices, fostering informed debate and offering a national reference point for the analysis of sustainability in manufacturing systems.